What Is Tinnitus?
A ringing, swishing, or other noise in the ears or head when no external sound is present is called tinnitus. Usually, it's more of a nuisance than a serious medical problem. In rare cases, it can be a sign of an underlying medical condition that needs attention. About 10% of adults in the U.S. have experienced tinnitus lasting more than five minutes in the past year.
Some Head Noise Is Normal
Most people are unaware of the normal noises the body makes as our ambient environment masks them. If a person went into a soundproof booth these sounds would become evident. Anything that blocks the background noise of everyday life such as earwax, earplugs, or a foreign body in the ear can make people more aware of the natural sounds our body makes.
What Causes Tinnitus?
There are numerous causes for tinnitus:
- Fluid, infection, or disease of the middle ear bones or ear drum (tympanic membrane)
- Damage to the microscopic endings of the hearing nerve in the inner ear, which can also occur with advanced age
- Loud noise exposure, such as from firearms, or music at a concert
- Medications
- Meniere's syndrome
- In rare cases, tinnitus can be a symptom of a serious medical problem such as a brain aneurysm or acoustic nerve tumor.
How Is Tinnitus Evaluated?
To diagnose tinnitus, a doctor will do a physical examination and ask you about your history, including whether the tinnitus is constant, intermittent, or pulsating (like the heartbeat, called pulsatile tinnitus), or if it is associated with hearing loss or loss of balance (vertigo or vestibular balance disorders). A doctor will usually order a hearing test (audiogram) for cases of unexplained tinnitus. Other tests may include an auditory brain stem response (ABR), a computerized test of the hearing nerves and brain pathways, computer tomography scan (CT scan), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan) to rule out a type of rare tumor.
What Is the Treatment of Tinnitus?
Treatment for tinnitus depends on the underlying cause and may include medications in addition to home remedies.
Tinnitus Medications
Tinnitus may disappear on its own or the person may need to learn to cope with it. Medications may be prescribed in some cases but there is no clear solution in most individuals. Medications may often be used to treat the psychological effects of anxiety or depression that may accompany the tinnitus. In these cases, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants such as sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil), or a benzodiazepine such as alprazolam (Xanax) may be prescribed. In the past the supplement niacin was recommended or the drug gabapentin (Neurontin, Gabarone) was prescribed but both have been shown to have no effect on reliving tinnitus.
Relief Remedies for Tinnitus
Some home remedies may be helpful for some people:
- Reduce or avoid caffeine and salt.
- Quit smoking.
- In some cases, zinc supplementation in people who have low levels of zinc may be beneficial – further studies are needed.
- Melatonin may help those who suffer with tinnitus, particularly those with disturbed sleep due to tinnitus.
- Successful behavioral and cognitive therapies include retraining therapy, masking, and behavioral therapy.
Can Tinnitus Be Prevented?
Some cases of tinnitus may be prevented by avoiding damage to hearing. The following slides discuss ways to protect yourself from noise-related tinnitus.
Prevention Tip: Avoid Cotton Swabs
Cotton swabs (Q-tips) should never be used to clean the inside of the ear. Pushing a swab into the ear can cause the wax in the ear canal to become impacted against the eardrum, causing tinnitus.
Muffle Noise at Work
If you work in an environment that is noisy, protect your hearing in the workplace. Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) regulations have recommendations to protect hearing that include wearing earplugs or earmuffs. Follow any hearing protections set by your employer.
Beware at Outdoor Events
Many recreational events such as concerts, sports, or hunting may come with loud noise that can bother the ears. Wear earplugs or earmuffs in these loud situations. Do not use tissue or cotton in the ears as these not only do not offer adequate protection against certain loud or high-pitched noises, they may become lodged in the ear canal.
Be Cautious With Headphones
Keep the volume of music headphones at a reasonable level. If others can hear your music, or you are unable to hear the noise around you, the volume is too high.
Everyday Noise Hazards
Many everyday noises may bother your ears. Even blow-dying your hair or mowing the lawn may require earplugs or earmuffs.
Watch Alcohol, Nicotine, Caffeine
Avoid or moderate use of alcoholic or caffeinated beverages. Don't smoke and avoid secondhand smoke. Nicotine in tobacco products may reduce blood flow to the structures of the ear, leading to tinnitus.
Watch Your Weight
Maintain a healthy weight. Excess weight can cause high blood pressure. Elevated blood pressure can cause sensitivity to noise and tinnitus. Exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet.
Is There Anything to Lessen the Intensity of Tinnitus?
If you have tinnitus, there are steps you can take that may lessen the intensity of the sound:
- Avoid places where there are loud sounds and noises.
- Keep your blood pressure in check.
- Reduce salt intake.
- Avoid stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine.
- Stop worrying about the tinnitus. The more you concentrate on the noise, the louder it will become.
- Get adequate rest.
- Exercise regularly.
- Use masking noise such as a ticking clock, a radio, a fan, or white noise machine.
- Biofeedback may help or diminish tinnitus in some individuals.
